Skip links and keyboard navigation

Wildlife of Mount Norman 100K map tile

Total number of species: 299

Download this information in .CSV format

Species name has been superseded by a new species name
Click here for more detailed information about this species
Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name Superseded NCA EPBC End. Wetland
Status
animals mammals Suidae Sus scrofa pig II
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus gouldii Gould's wattled bat C QA
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus morio chocolate wattled bat C QA
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus nigrogriseus hoary wattled bat C QAI
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus sp. C QAI
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus sp. C QAI
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Scotorepens balstoni inland broad-nosed bat C QA
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Scotorepens greyii little broad-nosed bat C QA
animals mammals Vespertilionidae Vespadelus finlaysoni Finlayson's cave bat C QA
animals mammals Miniopteridae Miniopterus orianae oceanensis eastern bent-wing bat C QAI
animals mammals Molossidae Chaerephon jobensis northern freetail bat C QAI
animals mammals Molossidae Mormopterus eleryi bristle-faced free-tailed bat C QA
animals mammals Molossidae Mormopterus lumsdenae northern free-tailed bat C QA
animals mammals Molossidae Mormopterus sp. C QAI
animals mammals Emballonuridae Saccolaimus flaviventris yellow-bellied sheathtail bat C QAI
animals mammals Emballonuridae Taphozous troughtoni Troughton's sheathtail bat C Q
animals mammals Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus megaphyllus eastern horseshoe-bat C QAI
animals mammals Macropodidae Osphranter robustus common wallaroo C QA
animals mammals Macropodidae Osphranter rufus red kangaroo C QA
animals mammals Petauridae Petaurus notatus Krefft's glider C QA
animals mammals Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos cinereus koala E E QA
animals mammals Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus short-beaked echidna SL QAI
animals birds Estrildidae Neochmia modesta plum-headed finch C QA
animals birds Estrildidae Taeniopygia bichenovii double-barred finch C QA
animals birds Estrildidae Taeniopygia guttata zebra finch C QA
animals birds Dicaeidae Dicaeum hirundinaceum mistletoebird C QAI
animals birds Locustellidae Cincloramphus mathewsi rufous songlark C QA
animals birds Cisticolidae Cisticola exilis golden-headed cisticola C QAI
animals birds Petroicidae Microeca fascinans jacky winter C QAI
animals birds Corcoracidae Struthidea cinerea apostlebird C QA
animals birds Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleuca magpie-lark C QAI
animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra inquieta restless flycatcher C QA
animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra rubecula leaden flycatcher C QAI
animals birds Corvidae Corvus coronoides Australian raven C QA
animals birds Corvidae Corvus orru Torresian crow C QAI
animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura albiscapa grey fantail C QAI
animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucophrys willie wagtail C QAI
animals birds Artamidae Artamus cinereus black-faced woodswallow C QA
animals birds Artamidae Artamus leucorynchus white-breasted woodswallow C QA
animals birds Artamidae Artamus minor little woodswallow C QA
animals birds Artamidae Artamus personatus masked woodswallow C QA
animals birds Artamidae Cracticus nigrogularis pied butcherbird C QA
animals birds Artamidae Cracticus torquatus grey butcherbird C QA
animals birds Artamidae Gymnorhina tibicen Australian magpie C QAI
animals birds Artamidae Strepera graculina pied currawong C QA
animals birds Oriolidae Oriolus sagittatus olive-backed oriole C QAI
animals birds Oreoicidae Oreoica gutturalis crested bellbird C QA
animals birds Pachycephalidae Colluricincla harmonica grey shrike-thrush C QAI
animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufiventris rufous whistler C QAI
animals birds Campephagidae Coracina novaehollandiae black-faced cuckoo-shrike C QAI
animals birds Campephagidae Coracina papuensis white-bellied cuckoo-shrike C QAI
animals birds Campephagidae Edolisoma tenuirostre common cicadabird C QAI
animals birds Campephagidae Lalage tricolor white-winged triller C QAI
animals birds Neosittidae Daphoenositta chrysoptera varied sittella C QAI
animals birds Pomatostomidae Pomatostomus temporalis grey-crowned babbler C QAI
animals birds Meliphagidae Conopophila rufogularis rufous-throated honeyeater C QA
animals birds Meliphagidae Entomyzon cyanotis blue-faced honeyeater C QAI
animals birds Meliphagidae Gavicalis virescens singing honeyeater C QA
animals birds Meliphagidae Lichmera indistincta brown honeyeater C QA
animals birds Meliphagidae Manorina flavigula yellow-throated miner C QA
animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon citreogularis little friarbird C QAI
animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon corniculatus noisy friarbird C QAI
animals birds Meliphagidae Plectorhyncha lanceolata striped honeyeater C QA
animals birds Meliphagidae Stomiopera flava yellow honeyeater C Q
animals birds Pardalotidae Pardalotus rubricatus red-browed pardalote C QA
animals birds Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatus striated pardalote C QA
animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone fusca western gerygone C QA
animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone olivacea white-throated gerygone C QAI
animals birds Acanthizidae Smicrornis brevirostris weebill C QA
animals birds Maluridae Malurus assimilis purple-backed fairy-wren C QA
animals birds Maluridae Malurus melanocephalus red-backed fairy-wren C QA
animals birds Ptilonorhynchidae Chlamydera maculata spotted bowerbird C QA
animals birds Climacteridae Climacteris picumnus brown treecreeper C QA
animals birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis dollarbird C QAI
animals birds Meropidae Merops ornatus rainbow bee-eater C QAI
animals birds Alcedinidae Dacelo leachii blue-winged kookaburra C QAI
animals birds Alcedinidae Dacelo novaeguineae laughing kookaburra C QA
animals birds Alcedinidae Todiramphus macleayii forest kingfisher C QAI
animals birds Alcedinidae Todiramphus pyrrhopygius red-backed kingfisher C QA
animals birds Alcedinidae Todiramphus sanctus sacred kingfisher C QAI
animals birds Strigidae Ninox boobook southern boobook C QAI
animals birds Cuculidae Centropus phasianinus pheasant coucal C QA
animals birds Cuculidae Eudynamys orientalis eastern koel C QAI
animals birds Cuculidae Scythrops novaehollandiae channel-billed cuckoo C QAI
animals birds Psittaculidae Aprosmictus erythropterus red-winged parrot C QAI
animals birds Psittaculidae Melopsittacus undulatus budgerigar C QA
animals birds Psittaculidae Platycercus adscitus pale-headed rosella C QA
animals birds Psittaculidae Trichoglossus moluccanus rainbow lorikeet C QA
animals birds Cacatuidae Cacatua galerita sulphur-crested cockatoo C QAI
animals birds Cacatuidae Calyptorhynchus banksii banksii red-tailed black-cockatoo (Cape York & Eastern Aust) C Q
animals birds Cacatuidae Eolophus roseicapilla galah C QA
animals birds Charadriidae Elseyornis melanops black-fronted dotterel C QAI I
animals birds Charadriidae Erythrogonys cinctus red-kneed dotterel C QA I
animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus miles masked lapwing C QAI
animals birds Recurvirostridae Himantopus leucocephalus pied stilt C QAI I
animals birds Burhinidae Burhinus grallarius bush stone-curlew C QAI
animals birds Otididae Ardeotis australis Australian bustard C QAI
animals birds Gruidae Antigone rubicunda brolga C QAI I
animals birds Falconidae Falco berigora brown falcon C QAI
animals birds Falconidae Falco peregrinus macropus Australian peregrine falcon C QA
animals birds Accipitridae Accipiter cirrocephalus collared sparrowhawk C QAI
animals birds Accipitridae Accipiter fasciatus brown goshawk C QAI
animals birds Accipitridae Aquila audax wedge-tailed eagle C QAI
animals birds Accipitridae Aviceda subcristata Pacific baza C QAI
animals birds Accipitridae Haliastur sphenurus whistling kite C QAI
animals birds Ardeidae Ardea alba modesta eastern great egret C QAI I
animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax sulcirostris little black cormorant C QA I
animals birds Apodidae Apus pacificus fork-tailed swift SL QAI
animals birds Aegothelidae Aegotheles cristatus Australian owlet-nightjar C QAI
animals birds Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus macrurus large-tailed nightjar C QAI
animals birds Podargidae Podargus strigoides tawny frogmouth C QA
animals birds Columbidae Geopelia cuneata diamond dove C QA
animals birds Columbidae Geopelia placida peaceful dove C QAI
animals birds Columbidae Geophaps scripta peninsulae squatter pigeon (northern subspecies) C Q
animals birds Columbidae Geophaps scripta scripta squatter pigeon (southern subspecies) V V QA
animals birds Columbidae Ocyphaps lophotes crested pigeon C QA
animals birds Columbidae Phaps chalcoptera common bronzewing C QA
animals birds Podicipedidae Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian grebe C QAI I
animals birds Anatidae Anas gracilis grey teal C QAI I
animals birds Anatidae Dendrocygna eytoni plumed whistling-duck C QA
animals birds Anatidae Stictonetta naevosa freckled duck C QA I
animals reptiles Elapidae Furina ornata orange-naped snake C QA
animals reptiles Elapidae Pseudonaja nuchalis western brown snake C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Carlia munda shaded-litter rainbow-skink C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Cryptoblepharus metallicus metallic snake-eyed skink C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Cryptoblepharus pannosus ragged snake-eyed skink C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Ctenotus ingrami unspotted yellow-sided ctenotus C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Ctenotus leonhardii Leonhardi's ctenotus C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Ctenotus pantherinus leopard ctenotus C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Ctenotus spaldingi straight-browed ctenotus C QAI
animals reptiles Scincidae Lerista emmotti Noonbah robust slider C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Lerista sp. C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Menetia greyii common dwarf skink C QA
animals reptiles Scincidae Morethia taeniopleura fire-tailed skink C Q
animals reptiles Scincidae Notoscincus ornatus ornate soil-crevice skink C QA
animals reptiles Varanidae Varanus storri Storr's monitor C QA
animals reptiles Varanidae Varanus tristis black-tailed monitor C QA
animals reptiles Agamidae Diporiphora australis tommy roundhead C QA
animals reptiles Pygopodidae Delma tincta excitable delma C QA
animals reptiles Pygopodidae Lialis burtonis Burton's legless lizard C QAI
animals reptiles Diplodactylidae Amalosia rhombifer sensu lato zigzag velvet gecko Superseded C QA
animals reptiles Diplodactylidae Lucasium steindachneri Steindachner's gecko C QA
animals reptiles Diplodactylidae Oedura castelnaui northern velvet gecko C Q
animals reptiles Gekkonidae Gehyra dubia dubious dtella C QA
animals reptiles Gekkonidae Heteronotia binoei Bynoe's gecko C QA
animals amphibians Bufonidae Rhinella marina cane toad II
animals amphibians Hylidae Cyclorana brevipes superb collared frog C QA I
animals amphibians Hylidae Cyclorana novaehollandiae eastern snapping frog C QA I
animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria caerulea common green treefrog C QAI
animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria inermis bumpy rocketfrog C QA
animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria latopalmata broad palmed rocketfrog C QA
animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria rubella ruddy treefrog C QAI
animals amphibians Myobatrachidae Uperoleia lithomoda stonemason gungan C QA
animals amphibians Limnodynastidae Platyplectrum ornatum ornate burrowing frog C QA I
plants land plants Acanthaceae Nelsonia campestris C QAI
plants land plants Araliaceae Hydrocotyle grammatocarpa C QA
plants land plants Asteraceae Blumea saxatilis C QAI
plants land plants Asteraceae Olearia xerophila C QA
plants land plants Asteraceae Pterocaulon sphacelatum applebush C QA
plants land plants Blechnaceae Blechnum orientale SL QAI
plants land plants Boraginaceae Heliotropium tabuliplagae C Q
plants land plants Byttneriaceae Seringia collina C QA
plants land plants Byttneriaceae Waltheria indica C QAI
plants land plants Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia tumidifructa SL QA
plants land plants Caryophyllaceae Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa C QAI
plants land plants Convolvulaceae Bonamia media C QA
plants land plants Convolvulaceae Bonamia multiflora C QA
plants land plants Convolvulaceae Jacquemontia paniculata var. tomentosa C QAI
plants land plants Convolvulaceae Polymeria lanata C QA
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus aquatilis C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus cristulatus C QA I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis rice sedge C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus holoschoenus C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Cyperus polystachyos C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fimbristylis blakei C QA I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fimbristylis caespitosa C QAI
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fimbristylis littoralis C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fimbristylis nuda C QA I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fimbristylis nutans C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fuirena ciliaris C QAI
plants land plants Cyperaceae Fuirena umbellata C QAI I
plants land plants Cyperaceae Machaerina rubiginosa C QAI
plants land plants Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon athertonense C Q I
plants land plants Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum ellipticum C QA
plants land plants Goodeniaceae Goodenia armitiana C QA
plants land plants Goodeniaceae Goodenia janamba C QA
plants land plants Goodeniaceae Goodenia redacta C QA
plants land plants Haemodoraceae Haemodorum coccineum C QAI
plants land plants Juncaceae Juncus usitatus C QAI I
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia delicatula C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia elachantha C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia galioides C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia hammondii C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia holosericea C QAI
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia julifera subsp. gilbertensis C Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia lazaridis C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia leptostachya Townsville wattle C Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia platycarpa C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia stipuligera C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia torulosa C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Acacia tropica C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Bauhinia variegata IU
plants land plants Leguminosae Chamaecrista symonii C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Crotalaria medicaginea var. linearis C Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Erythrophleum chlorostachys C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Hovea apiculata C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Jacksonia odontoclada C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Jacksonia ramosissima C Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Labichea brassii NT Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Lysiphyllum cunninghamii C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Mirbelia viminalis C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Senna costata C QA
plants land plants Leguminosae Stylosanthes scabra IU
plants land plants Leguminosae Vachellia farnesiana IU
plants land plants Leguminosae Zornia adenophora C Q
plants land plants Leguminosae Zornia prostrata var. prostrata C QA
plants land plants Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea ensifolia C QAI
plants land plants Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea ensifolia subsp. ensifolia C QAI
plants land plants Loganiaceae Mitrasacme connata C QA
plants land plants Loranthaceae Lysiana spathulata subsp. spathulata C QA
plants land plants Lythraceae Ammannia multiflora jerry-jerry C QAI
plants land plants Malvaceae Abutilon fraseri subsp. fraseri C QA
plants land plants Malvaceae Gossypium australe C QA
plants land plants Malvaceae Sida U
plants land plants Malvaceae Sida rohlenae subsp. rohlenae C QA
plants land plants Moraceae Ficus opposita C QAI
plants land plants Myrtaceae Calytrix exstipulata C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Calytrix leptophylla C Q
plants land plants Myrtaceae Corymbia confertiflora Superseded XU
plants land plants Myrtaceae Corymbia polycarpa long-fruited bloodwood C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Corymbia serendipita C Q
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis C QAI I
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa C QA I
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus crebra narrow-leaved red ironbark C QAI
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus microneura Gilbert River box C Q
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus similis Queensland yellowjacket C Q
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tetrodonta Darwin stringybark C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Eucalyptus whitei White's ironbark C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium tantoon C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Lophostemon suaveolens swamp box C QAI I
plants land plants Myrtaceae Melaleuca citrolens C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Melaleuca foliolosa C Q
plants land plants Myrtaceae Melaleuca leucadendra broad-leaved tea-tree C QAI I
plants land plants Myrtaceae Melaleuca nervosa subsp. crosslandiana C QA
plants land plants Myrtaceae Melaleuca viminalis C QA I
plants land plants Myrtaceae Syzygium eucalyptoides subsp. eucalyptoides C QA
plants land plants Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis willow primrose C QAI I
plants land plants Phrymaceae Mimulus uvedaliae C QA
plants land plants Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus sp. (Alexandra River R.Pullen 8936) C QAI
plants land plants Phyllanthaceae Synostemon elachophyllus subsp. elachophyllus C Q
plants land plants Phyllanthaceae Synostemon lissocarpus C QA
plants land plants Picrodendraceae Petalostigma banksii C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Aristida sciuroides C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Arundinella nepalensis reedgrass C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Echinochloa colona awnless barnyard grass IU I
plants land plants Poaceae Ectrosia leporina C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Elionurus citreus lemon-scented grass C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Enneapogon U
plants land plants Poaceae Eragrostis spartinoides C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Eriachne ciliata C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Eriachne melicacea C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Eriachne mucronata forma (Alpha C.E.Hubbard 7882) C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Panicum robustum C Q
plants land plants Poaceae Paspalum longifolium C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Paspalum scrobiculatum ditch millet C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Schizachyrium fragile firegrass C QAI
plants land plants Poaceae Setaria apiculata C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Thaumastochloa major C QA
plants land plants Poaceae Thaumastochloa pubescens C QAI
plants land plants Polygalaceae Polygala exsquarrosa C QAI
plants land plants Portulacaceae Calandrinia uniflora C QA
plants land plants Proteaceae Grevillea decora subsp. decora C Q
plants land plants Proteaceae Grevillea glauca bushy's clothes peg C QI
plants land plants Proteaceae Grevillea parallela C QA
plants land plants Proteaceae Grevillea sessilis C Q
plants land plants Proteaceae Persoonia falcata C QA
plants land plants Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum skeleton fork fern SL QAI
plants land plants Pteridaceae Pteris platyzomopsis SL QA
plants land plants Rhamnaceae Cryptandra pogonoloba subsp. pogonoloba C Q
plants land plants Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Indian jujube IU
plants land plants Rubiaceae Synaptantha tillaeacea var. tillaeacea C QA
plants land plants Rutaceae Boronia bowmanii C Q
plants land plants Rutaceae Drummondita calida V QA
plants land plants Sapindaceae Dodonaea U
plants land plants Sapindaceae Dodonaea filifolia C QAI
plants land plants Sapindaceae Dodonaea oxyptera C QA
plants land plants Sapindaceae Dodonaea physocarpa C QA
plants land plants Scrophulariaceae Eremophila acrida C QA
plants land plants Solanaceae Solanum crebrispinum C Q
plants land plants Sparrmanniaceae Corchorus U
plants land plants Sparrmanniaceae Corchorus sericeus subsp. densiflorus C QA
plants land plants Sparrmanniaceae Corchorus sidoides subsp. vermicularis C QA
plants land plants Sterculiaceae Brachychiton paradoxus SL QA
plants land plants Stylidiaceae Stylidium eriorhizum SL Q
plants land plants Stylidiaceae Stylidium rotundifolium SL QA
plants land plants Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus interruptus SL QAI I
plants land plants Thymelaeaceae Pimelea sanguinea C QA
plants land plants Xyridaceae Xyris complanata yellow-eye C QAI I

Note: Wildlife statistics are based on information that has been submitted to the DESI WildNet database and converted to a 10km² grid. The grid information has been intersected with the mapping polygons to determine the species lists. Click here to view the species grid metadata.

Information from WildNet can also be accessed via Wildlife Online and WetlandMaps.

Rare or threatened includes species listed as extinct, extinct in the wild, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or conservation dependent under either the Nature Conservation Act or Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act

Disclaimer: While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this product, the Queensland Government and Australian Government make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaim all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which might be incurred as a consequence of reliance on the product, or as a result of the product being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for any reason.

Legend

Nature Conservation Act
NCA - Status under the Nature Conservation Act 1992
EX : Extinct
PE : Extinct in the wild
CR : Critically endangered
E : Endangered
V : Vulnerable
NT : Near threatened
C : Least concern
SL : Special least concern
I : International
P : Prohibited
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act
EPBC - Status under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
EX : Extinct
XW : Extinct in the wild
CE : Critically endangered
E : Endangered
V : Vulnerable
CD : Conservation dependent
End. - Endemicity
Q : Queensland endemic - naturally occurs in Queensland
QA : Intranational - naturally occurs in Queensland and interstate
QAI : Not endemic to Australia - naturally occurs in Queensland, interstate and overseas
QI : Regional endemic - naturally occurs in Queensland and overseas
VA : Vagrant (Intranational) - normally occurs interstate
VI : Vagrant (International) - normally occurs overseas
VU : Vagrant (Unknown)
IA : Introduced (Intranational) - naturalised from interstate
II : Introduced (International) - naturalised from overseas
IU : Introduced - unknown origin
U : Unknown endemicity - native
Wetland Status
I : Wetland indicator species


This page should be cited as:

Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, Queensland (2013) Wildlife of Mount Norman 100K map tile, WetlandInfo website, accessed 21 November 2024. Available at: https://wetlandinfo.des.qld.gov.au/wetlands/facts-maps/wildlife/?AreaID=tile-100k-mount-norman

Queensland Government
WetlandInfo   —   Department of Environment, Science and Innovation